小学英语语法（句法）

　　1、陈述句

　　说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他

　　肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.

　　否定陈述句 He doesn‟t do housework at weekends

　　肯定陈述句改否定陈述句

　　①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。

　　Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.

　　I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.

　　②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。

　　He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn‟t like drawing pictures.

　　I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn‟t go to the park yesterday.

　　陈述句改一般疑问句

　　①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。

　　Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday?

　　I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane?

　　②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。

　　He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.

　　I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?

　　2、疑问句

　　用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。

　　一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。

　　—Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn‟t.

　　—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don‟t.

　　—Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can‟t.

　　特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。

　　—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car.

　　选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。

　　—Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please.

　　反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。

　　—It‟s a fine day, isn‟t it? — Yes ,it is.

　　3、祈使句

　　表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。

　　用于第二人称，通常省略you。

　　①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please.

　　②否定祈使句：Don‟t be late again.

　　用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。

　　Let me have a look. Let‟s play a game now. Let him go home now.

　　Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?

　　4、感叹句

　　表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（！），语气用降调。

　　what + 名词或名词性短语

　　What a big garden （it is）！

　　What an interesting storybook （it is） ！

　　What lovely weather （it is）！

　　What pretty girls （they are）！

　　how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词

　　How nice！

　　How beautiful the flowers are！

　　How tall Yao Ming is！

　　5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。

　　主语是单数，be动词用is（was）；主语是复数，be动词用are（were）。

　　There is some milk in the fridge.

　　There are some peaches in the basket.

　　如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。

　　There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.

　　There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.

　　there be句型和have/has区别

　　there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；

　　have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。

　　There are some English books on the desk.

　　I have some English books.